Ernest+Hemingway+by+Wesley+Johnson

=__**Ernest Hemingway**__= Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21st, 1899 to Clarence Edmonds Hemingway and Grace Hall-Hemingway in Oak Hill, Illinois, which was a suburb in Chicago. His father was a physician, and his mother was a musician. Ernest was the second born of five children, but the first son. As a child, his mother made him learn to play the cello, which he disliked; however, he eventually professed that it was useful in writing. Also, as an adult, he said he hated his mother, but in many ways was her reflection. His family owned a summer home on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan. He grew up in the woods and lakes around the home learning how to camp, fish, and hunt. The experiences he had at the summer home instilled a sense of passion for nature and adventure.

In 1918 during World War 1, he answered the call for volunteers by the Red Cross and became an ambulance driver in Italy. When he arrived at the Italian front in June near Milan his first assignment was to help retrieve the remains of factory workers that made munitions after that factory had been hit by a bomb. His book //Death in the Afternoon// was influenced by this event. A few days later he was transfered to Fossalto de Piave. On July 8th he recieved serious wounds from mortar fire after just returning from the canteen to deliver chocolate and cigarettes to the soldiers. Even with the serious wounds he carried a wounded Italian soldier to safety. He recieved the Italain Silver Medal for Bravery for the rescue. Both his legs had shrapnel wounds; he had surgeryto remove the shards. After the surgery he was sent to a hospital in Milan to recuperate; he spent six months there and fell in love with a Red Cross Nurse named Agnes von Kurowsky.

He and Agnes planned to marry but she became engaged to an Italian officer; this rejection crushed him and inspired him to write the short story //A Very Short Story//. He returned home in early 1919; the entire summer after his return he did not have a job and spent the time with friends. Later that year an old high school friend offered him a journalist position at the //Toronto Star.// The next year he returned back to Chicago but still did stories for the //Toronto Star.// While working in Chicago he met his wife, Haldey Richardson; she was 8 years older than him, but she was said to be a little less mature than most young women her age. They married on September 3rd, 1921; they planned on going to Europe to travel. A couple months later he was hired by the //Toronto Star// to be their foreign corrospondent in Paris.

While in Paris, he met and befriended many influential writers and painters that introduced him to other arts and styles of expression. He wrote many short stories while in Paris, as well as many articles for the //Toronto Star//. He and Hadley had a son, nicknamed Bumby, and then returned to Chicago; however, they shortly returned to Paris. While in Paris again Hemingway met Pauline Pfieffer and had an affair with her. Hadley found out and a couple months later they divorced and Hemingway married Pauline in May of 1927. They moved to Key West and lived there for a while and had children. There he found out about his father's suicide; he was crushed and told Pauline he would probably go the same way some day. Later he became a journalist in Spain and met another journalist named Martha Gellhorn. He then divorced Pauline and married Martha on November 20th, 1940.

When World War 2 started, he was a journalist on the frontlines of the war. In 1947, he was awarded the Bronze Star for his bravery in the war. During the war he met Mary Welsh in England. Martha, his current wife, was in America and found passage on a munitions ship to England. She found out about Hemingway and Mary while Hemingway was in the hospital because of a car accident; she ended their marriage there in March 1945. A little later he asked Mary to marry him, and in 1946 he married her. He and Mary moved to Cuba. While they were married he and Mary had many accidents involving physical harm. They had a car accident a few months arriving at Cuba. A few months after that they traveled around Africa. While in Africa they charted a plane to take pictures of some waterfalls from the air. The plane hit an unused utility pole and crashed. He sustanined a head wound and Mary two broken ribs. The next day they were put on another plane to get treatment in a hospital in a nearby city called Enteppe. That plane exploded upon take off; Hemingway suffered another concussion and burns. Evnetually they arrived in Enteppe with reporters already assuming he was dead with obituaries already written in the papers; they recovered for the next few weeks while Hemingway read his own obituaries. He went on a fishing trip, despite his injuries, in February and was injured again from a bush fire that burned most of his body.

In October of 1954, Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Later he moved to Idaho where he drank heavily and became paranoid that they FBI was constantly monitoring him. He was treated for hypertension with electroconvulsive therapy. After that he became very depressed if he was not already. On July 2th, 1961, he shot himself in the head with his favorite twelve-gauge shot gun. His wife Mary called the doctor, but it was too late. In the papers, his death was listed as accidental instead of suicide.

His personality and mental disoders were described as:
 * Bipolar disorder
 * Alchohol Dependant
 * Head injury
 * Probable borderline narcissisism

__**Famous Writings**__
 * //"Indian Camp"//
 * //The Sun Also Rises//
 * //A Farewell to Arms//
 * //"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"//
 * //For Whom the Bell Tolls//
 * //The Old Man and the Sea//
 * //A Movable Feast//
 * //True at First Light//

[]

[]

[]

[]