grammer+chap.+1-2

**Grammar chapter 1- parts of speech**
a __noun__ is a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. ex: The __water__ was cold. a __collective noun__ is singular in form but names a group ex: The __family__ went to the zoo. a __pronoun__ is a word that takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun. ex: __He__ left. a __verb__ is a word that expresses an action or state of being and is necessary to make a statement. ex: He __ran__. an __action verb__ tells what someone or something does. ex: they __sang__. a __linking verb__ links or joins the subject of a sentence with a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that identifies or describes the subject. ex: the man __is__ a rare species. a __verb phrase__ consists of a main verb and all its auxiliary, or helping, verbs. ex: she __had expected__ them for days. an __adjective__ is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun by limiting its meaning. ex: the __fat__ cat ate. an __adverb__ is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by making its meaning more specific. ex: they left __quickly__. a __preposition__ is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or another pronoun to another word in a sentence. ex: the father __of__ the boy is here. a __prepositional phrase__ is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun called the __object of the preposition__. a __coordinating conjunction__ joins words or groups of words that have equal grammatical weight in a sentence. ex: __and, but, or, so nor, for, yet__. a __correlative contunction__s work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal grammatical weight in a sentence. ex: __both...and, either...or, neither...nor, whether...or__. a __subordinating conjunction__ joins two clauses, or thoughts, in such a way as to make one grammatically dependent on the other. ex: after, as though, although, since, untill, when, whenever. an __interjection__ is a word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. ex: __Oh my__! =Grammar Chapter 2- Parts of a Sentence= the __simple subject__ is the key noun or pronoun that tells whom or what the sentence is about. the __simple predicate__ is the verb or verb phrase that expresses the action or state of being of the subject of the sentence. the __complete subject__ consists of the simple subject and all the words that modify if. the __complete predicate__ consists of the simple predicate and all of the words that modify or complete its meaning. a sentence written in __inverted order__, in which the predicate comes before the subject, serves to add emphasis to the subject. ex: __Under the stars sat the dogs__. a __complement__ is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a verb. ex: __DO, IO, OC, SC__. a __direct object__ answers the question what or whom after an action verb. ex: He sold them the __car__. an __inderect object__ answers the question to whom, for whom, to what, and for what after an action verb. ex: Jonny gave __us__ the mop. an __object complement__ answers the question what, after a direct object. ex: the giifts on christmas made chuck __happy__. a __subject complement__ follows a subject and linking verb and identifies or describes the subject. ex: __PA, PN__. a __predicate nominative__ is a noun or a pronoun that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject to rename it or to identify it further. ex: Wrestlers are __men__. a __predicate adjective__ is an adjective that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject and further describes it. ex: Wrestlers are __tough__. =**Practice Exercises chapter 1-2**= 1. The boy ate the __sandwich__ __gladly__. 2. __Both__ boys __and__ girls are __humans.__ 3. Johnny __ran__ and __jumped__ over the stream. 4. Billy forgot to give __us__ the __sign__. 5. __Stop__! I've already told you twice. 6. The __family__ stopped at the market to buy elephants. 7. __Above the dead carcus circled the buzzards__. 8. The painting was __marvelous__. 9. The monkey __appears__ purple. 10. the __last__ and __final__ question was fantastic.
 * directions: identify the underlined words in each sentence. chose from: do, io, oc, pa, pn, comp subj, comp pred, interjection, coordinating or correlative conjunction, adj, adv, collective noun, special linking verb, or inverted order.**